UPSC — UPSC Notes, PYQs & Practice

Free UPSC upsc notes with real previous-year questions (PYQs) and active-recall self-tests. Study upsc for UPSC on TrackNation.

• Why the Mughal Empire Declined (1707–1761): Causes Explained
• The Later Mughals: Emperors After Aurangzeb (1707–1857)
• Mysore under Haidar Ali & Tipu Sultan: the Tiger of Mysore, Army Modernisation, Reforms and the Fall of Srirangapatnam (18th Century)
• The Coming of the Europeans to India: Portuguese, Dutch, English, French & Danish (1498-1664)
• The Three Anglo-Maratha Wars & the Fall of the Marathas (1775-1818): Salbai, the Subsidiary Alliance, Bassein and the End of the Peshwa
• The Annexation of Sindh & Punjab: The Anglo-Sikh Wars (1843-1849)
• Frontier Wars & the Annexation of Awadh: Nepal, Burma, Afghanistan (1814–1856)
• British Social & Cultural Policy: Reform & the Rise of English Education
• The Revolt of 1857: Causes & Outbreak — Economic, Political, Social-Religious & Military Grievances and the Spark
• Administrative Changes After 1858: The Crown Takeover & the Councils
• Reorganising the Raj After 1858: Army, Services, Princely States & Divide-and-Rule
• The Gandhian Mass Era Begins: Champaran, Jallianwala Bagh & the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement (1917-1922)
• Read This First — How UPSC Tests Indian Polity & How to Crack It
• Historical Background of the Constitution: The Acts that Shaped India (1773–1947)
• Making of the Constitution: The Constituent Assembly, the Objectives Resolution & the Drafting Committee
• Read This First — How UPSC Tests Geography & How to Crack It
• The Earth in the Universe: Big Bang, Solar System & Earth's Evolution (UPSC Geography)
• Read This First: How UPSC Tests Ancient, Medieval & Art-Culture
• Interior of the Earth: Seismic Waves, Shadow Zone & Layers (UPSC Geography)
• Plate Tectonics: Continental Drift, Sea-floor Spreading & Plate Boundaries (UPSC)
• Reconstructing Ancient India: Sources, Historiography & Dating
• Prehistory of India: Stone Age to Chalcolithic & Megalithic Cultures
• The Indus (Harappan) Civilisation: Town Planning, Sites, Economy & Decline
• Earthquakes: Causes, Richter & Mercalli Scales, Belts & Seismic Zones (UPSC)
• Volcanism & Volcanic Landforms: Types, Deccan Traps & Hazards (UPSC Geography)
• Rocks & the Rock Cycle: Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic (UPSC Geography)
• The Vedic Age: Early (Rig Vedic) vs Later Vedic — Polity, Society, Economy & Religion
• Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha & the Iranian and Macedonian Invasions
• Jainism & the Heterodox Ferment: Mahavira, Doctrines, the Great Schism & the Ajivikas
• Buddhism: The Buddha, Four Noble Truths, the Councils, Schools, Spread & Decline
• Read This First — How UPSC Tests Modern History & How to Crack It
• Mountain Building (Orogeny): Fold, Block, Volcanic & Residual Mountains, Plateaus & Plains (UPSC Geography)
• Weathering, Mass Wasting & the Cycle of Erosion (UPSC Geography)
• Landforms by Agents of Erosion: Fluvial, Glacial, Aeolian, Karst & Coastal (UPSC Geography)
• Concept & Salient Features of the Constitution of India (UPSC Polity)
• Preamble of the Constitution of India: Key Words, Objectives & Landmark Cases (UPSC Polity)
• Union and Its Territory (Articles 1-4): Union of States, Reorganisation & Berubari (UPSC Polity)
• Citizenship in India (Articles 5-11, Citizenship Act 1955 & CAA 2019) — UPSC Polity
• Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12-35): The Six Rights, Five Writs & Landmark Cases (UPSC Polity)
• The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure & the Heat Budget (UPSC Geography)
• Temperature, Pressure Belts & Global Winds (UPSC Geography)
• Atmospheric Moisture: Humidity, Clouds & Precipitation (UPSC Geography)
• Air Masses, Fronts, Cyclones & World Climate (UPSC Geography)
• Directive Principles of State Policy & Fundamental Duties (Part IV & IVA): Classification, the FR-vs-DPSP Cases & Article 51A (UPSC Polity)
• Amendment of the Constitution & the Basic Structure (Article 368): The Three Routes, Kesavananda Bharati & Minerva Mills (UPSC Polity)
• Parliamentary System of Government (Articles 74-75, 163-164): Features, the Presidential Contrast & Why India Chose It (UPSC Polity)
• Federal System of India: Federal vs Unitary Features, Quasi-Federal, Cooperative Federalism & Bommai (UPSC Polity)
• Centre-State & Inter-State Relations (Part XI-XIII): Legislative, Administrative, Financial Relations, the Inter-State Council & Zonal Councils (UPSC Polity)
• Emergency Provisions (Part XVIII, Articles 352-360): National Emergency, President's Rule, Financial Emergency & the Bommai Case (UPSC Polity)